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LIEN — (Heb. שִׁעְבּוּד נְכָסִים, Shibud Nekhasim). The Concept Jewish law enables the creditor to exercise a lien over all the debtor s property, in addition to his remedies against the debtor personally. This lien automatically comes into existence on … Encyclopedia of Judaism
OBLIGATIONS, LAW OF — This law is concerned with the rights of one person as against those of another (jus in personam), as distinguished from the law of property, which is concerned with a person s rights in a chattel or other property as against the world at large… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
SURETYSHIP — (Heb. עַרְבוּת), one person s undertaking to fulfill the obligation of another toward a third person (called the arev, ḥayyav, and nosheh, respectively). In Jewish law fulfillment of an obligation is secured primarily through the assets of the… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
PLEDGE — The Concept In Jewish law, in addition to the personal right of action against the debtor, the creditor also has a right of lien on the latter s property. This lien automatically comes into being when the debt is created and is termed aḥarayut… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Saundaryalahari — The Saundarya Lahari meaning Waves Of Beauty is a famous literary work written by Adi Shankara. Its hundred and three shlokas (verses) eulogize the beauty, grace and munificence of Goddess Parvati / Dakshayani, consort of Shiva.The Saundarya… … Wikipedia
HEBREW GRAMMAR — The following entry is divided into two sections: an Introduction for the non specialist and (II) a detailed survey. [i] HEBREW GRAMMAR: AN INTRODUCTION There are four main phases in the history of the Hebrew language: the biblical or classical,… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
LOAN — (Heb. הַלְוָאָה, halva ah), a transaction in which a thing, usually money, is given by one person, called the malveh ( lender ), to another, called the loveh ( borrower ), for the latter s use and enjoyment, and in order that such thing or its… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
SHETAR — (Heb. שְׁטָר), formal legal document, or deed, derived from the Akkadian šatāru, meaning writing. Early Examples The term shetar is not found in the Bible, where the term sefer is used to denote a legal document, such as sefer keritut in… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
SERVITUDES — (Heb. שִׁעְבּוּדִים, shi budim). Generally a person is prohibited from using his land in such manner as to cause an interference with his neighbor s quiet use or enjoyment of his own land. A man may therefore restrain his neighbor from such use… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
HISTORICAL SURVEY: THE STATE AND ITS ANTECEDENTS (1880–2006) — Introduction It took the new Jewish nation about 70 years to emerge as the State of Israel. The immediate stimulus that initiated the modern return to Zion was the disappointment, in the last quarter of the 19th century, of the expectation that… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
